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Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an American activist, environmentalist, economist, and writer, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development. In 1996 and 2000, she ran for vice president as the nominee of the Green Party of the United States, on a ticket headed by Ralph Nader. A Native American with Ojibwe ancestry, she is the executive director of both White Earth Land Recovery Project, which she founded at White Earth Reservation in 1989, and Honor the Earth, which she founded with Indigo Girls Amy Ray and Emily Saliers in 1993. Born in Los Angeles and raised in Ashland, Oregon, she was enrolled in the tribe at an early age, but did not live at the White Earth Indian Reservation until 1982. She started work there after college as a principal of a high school. LaDuke became an activist in Anishinaabe issues, helping found the Indigenous Women's Network in 1985. She became involved in continuing struggles to regain reservation land lost since in the 19th century. The WELRP holds land in a conservation trust for the benefit of the tribe. ==Early life and education== Winona (meaning "first daughter" in Dakota) LaDuke was born in Los Angeles, California, to Vincent and Betty (Bernstein) LaDuke. Her father, an Ojibwe from White Earth Reservation in Minnesota, enrolled his daughter as a member of the tribe at an early age. Her mother was a Jew with European ancestry. As a young man, her father had been an activist on treaty rights and tribal issues, particularly the loss of lands. By the 20th century, the tribe controlled only ten percent of a much reduced reservation. The losses of land contributed to unemployment and other problems of its people. After Vincent LaDuke married, he worked as an actor in Hollywood, with supporting roles in Western movies, and as a writer. By the 1980s, he practiced as a spiritual guru under the name Sun Bear.〔(Peter Ritter, "The Party Crasher" ), ''Minneapolis News'', October 11, 2000〕 Her mother was of Russian Jewish descent, and became an artist. They separated when Winona was five, and her mother took a position as an art instructor at Southern Oregon University in Ashland, then primarily a small logging town.〔 LaDuke grew up mostly in Ashland.〔(Willamette Week | "Winona Laduke" | July 19th, 2006 )〕 Both parents were activists; influenced by her father, LaDuke became interested in tribal issues from an early age. She attended public school and was on the debate team in high school, placing third in an Oregon state competition as a senior. She went on to college at Harvard, where she became part of a group of Indian activists. She graduated in 1982 with a degree in rural economic development.〔 Upon graduating from college, LaDuke moved to White Earth without knowing the Ojibwe language or many people, and was not quickly accepted. She worked as principal of the high school on the reservation in Minnesota. At the same time, she was doing research for her master's thesis on the reservation's subsistence economy and quickly became involved in local issues. She completed an M.A. in Community Economic Development at Antioch University.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Winona LaDuke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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